英语语法大全 – 81.主谓一致

英语语法大全 – 81.主谓一律

主谓一律准则

1、语法上的一律
所谓语法一律准则，即主语和谓语的语法情势在人称和数上取得一律。
谓语的单、复数情势依据主语的单、复数情势而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为奇数大概是不成数名词，谓语动词用奇数。
China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三天下。
We are sure he will come. 我们一定他会来。
使用语法一律的情况
（1）当主语是and，both…and毗连的并列布局
假如主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。
My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部影戏。
Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个场合既种稻子又种小麦。
注意：由and毗连的并列主语前方分散有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用奇数情势。
Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教导。
No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被约请到场晚会。
（2）主语后方接分析主语的修饰语
主语后方接分析主语的修饰语如：
with，along with，together with，as well as，like，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，
谓语动词不受修饰因素的影响，仍坚持同主语一律的干系。
The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位教师和两个学生到场了聚会会议。
The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个小姐和男孩子一道，也学会了开汽车。

A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼品赠予给了国度。
E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在平常的通讯中起着很紧张的作用。
Nobody but Jane knows the secret.仅有简晓得这个奥密。
All but one were here just now. 刚刚除了一一局部外都来了。
（3）非谓语动词或从句作主语
非谓语动词 (动词的-ing情势、不定式)或从句作主语时，谓语寻常用奇数情势。
When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时分在什么场合建新工场还没定下去。
Checking information is very important. 核实内幕好坏常紧张的。
To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。
When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时议会尚未决定。
注意：当what引导主语从句或由 and毗连两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应依据意义一律的准则来决定。
What we need here is money．我们这里必要的是资金。
What we need here are workers．我们这里必要的是工人。
Lying and stealing are immoral．撒谎与偷窃是不品德的。
（4）each和复合不定代词作主语
each和some/any/no//every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词：
anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语，谓语动词用奇数。
Each is worse than the one before. 一个比一个差。
Nobody knows the answer. 没有一一局部晓得这答案。
Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。
Is there anything in the box?箱子里有什么东西吗?
There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶。
（5）“many a +奇数名词”作主语
“many a、(很多)/more than one(不但一个)+奇数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用奇数情势。
Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京。
There is more than one answer to your question. 你的成绩不但有一个答案。
（6）“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the等限定词和修饰语
“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用奇数情势。
Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man.
汤姆是唯一的一个乐意协助谁人白叟的男孩。
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years．他是这三年来唯一的一个取得奖学金的学生。
注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词接纳复数情势。
Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 汤姆是个随时乐意协助他人的男孩。
（7）由两个局部构成的物体名词作主语
英语中有些由两个局部构成的物体称呼如g1asses(眼镜)，scissors(铰剪)，shorts(短裤)，shoes(鞋子)，trousers(裤子)等作主语，自后的谓语动词用复数情势。
His glasses were broken, so he can’t see well. 他的眼镜碎了，因此看不清晰。
His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的。
注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表现单位的名词时，则以这些名词的单、复数情势决定动词的情势。
Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了。
This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售。
2、意义上的一律
意义上的一律是指谓语动词与主语的一律取决于主语所表达的意义。若主语情势上为复数，而意义上是奇数，动词要用奇数；
若主语情势上为奇数，而意义上为复数，则动词用复数。
The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。
The police are looking into the matter. 警员正在观察此事。
英语中的一律主要包含主语和谓语在人称和数上的一律、时态一律、名词和其代词的一律。
主语和谓语坚持一律叫主谓一律，即谓语动词的情势必需随着主语单、复数情势的厘革而厘革。
英语中的一律主要包含主语和谓语在人称和数上的一律、时态一律、名词和其代词
的一律。主语和谓语坚持一律叫主谓一律，即谓语动词的情势必需随着主语单、复数情势的厘革而厘革。
1. 语法一律准则
主语和谓语从语法情势上取得一律：主语是奇数情势,谓语也接纳奇数情势：主语
是复数情势，谓语亦接纳复数情势。比如：　　
A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.
2. 意义一律准则
偶尔主语情势上为奇数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数情势；而
偶尔主语情势上为复数，但意义上却是奇数，那么谓语依意义亦用奇数情势。
比如：
The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.
3. 就近一律准则
这一准则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与迩来作主语的词语坚持一律。常显现
在这类句子中的连词有：or, either… or …, neither… nor …, not only… but also …等。比如：
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
使意义上的一律的情况
（1）由and毗连两个并列主语
自后的谓语动词寻常用复数情势。但假如两个奇数名词指同一一局部、同一事物、单一看法时，谓语动词要用奇数，偶尔两个名词共用一个冠词。
The worker and writer has written a new novel. 这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说。(两个名词共用一个冠词)
There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯?哈利的记者兼作家。
Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 朴拙总是良策。
注意：用and毗连起来的两个奇数主语，谓语动词可以是奇数，也可以是复数。
Three and five makes /make eight.三加五即是八。
Time and tide wait/waits for no man .光阴不等人。
（2）形复意单的名词作主语
①复数情势的专出名词（表现国度、都市、机构、构造以及册本、报纸、杂志等）做主语，通常作为全体对待，谓语动词用奇数。
The United States is in North America.美国在北美洲。
The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.《天方夜谭》是传播天下各地的名著。
The New York Times has a wide circulation.《纽约时报》销路很广。
注意：表现山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专出名词和以复数情势显现的表现同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的多少人，谓语也用复数。
The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿尔卑斯山脉超过了四国。
Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高。
The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也遭到了约请。
There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生。
②以-ics开头表现学科的名词做主语，通常表现奇数意义，谓语动词用奇数情势。这类名词有：
physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics等。
Politics is now taught in all schools.如今各学校都开设政治课。
Economics is a science of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth.经济学是研讨产业、商业生财和用财之道。
注意：当这些动词表现有关方面的活动、情况、看法、原理等意思时，谓语动词需用复数情势。
What are his politics?他的政见怎样？
The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments.国度提高经济的原理对古代各国当局都紧张。
③news，maths，plastics，physics，works，means(办法)，the United States等固然以-s开头，但意义上作为奇数对待。
“News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. 团体军司令说：”
随着我们步队的推进成功的消息接二连三。”
Mathematics/Physics is a required subject for us.
数学/物理是我们必修的科目。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.
一切约莫的直至沾染的办法都用了，但天空照旧不明朗的。
④成对的名词做主语时用奇数情势。
Bread and butter is a daily food in the West .面包抹黄油是东方人天天的食品。
His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless.他无穷以为，无穷忠于党。
⑤“one and a half +复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用奇数。
One and a half pears is left on the table .一只半梨剩在桌子上。
One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间。
注意：“one or two+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数。
One or two days are enough to see the city.旅行该市一两天就充足了。
There are one or two things I want to talk over with you .我有一两件事想跟你探究。
（3）有生命的团队名词作主语
有生命的团队名词 (如people，police，cattle，militia)作主语，谓语动词用复数情势。
Cattle are also kept. 还养了一些牛。
There are many people there. 那边有很多人。
The police are looking for the thief. 公安职员在征采谁人小偷。
All the people of the world want peace.全天下人民都巴望安静。
注意：family，team，class，government，audience，crew，committee等团队名词，假如作全体对待，谓语动词用奇数情势；
假如作一局部红员对待，谓语动词用复数情势。people作“民族”解时，作奇数用。
Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all.张家很大，一共12口人。
The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 这家人正坐在早餐桌旁。
My family is a large one. 我家是个各位庭。
The class are doing experiment in the lab. 全班同砚正在实行室里做实行。
The class has won the honour. 这个班取得了荣誉。
The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个宏大的民族。
（4） 名词化的形貌词作主语
名词化的形貌词作主语，依照意义一律的准则决定谓语动词的单、复数情势。
假如指一类人，谓语动词用复数情势，假如指一一局部或笼统看法，谓语动词用奇数情势。
这类形貌词有：old, young, rich, poor, blind, deaf, dead, sick等。
The rich are not always happy. 富豪也有不开心的时分。
The wounded is a policeman. 受伤者是一名警员。
The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 标致的不一定就即是好。
（5） 表现时间、距离、财帛、分量等的复数名词作主语
表现时间、距离、财帛、分量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个全体，谓语动词用奇数情势。
Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我们分开学校以前20年了。
Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱。
Two months is quite a long time. 两个月时间是很长的。
Two hours is enough for us to do this experiment.我们做这个实行两个小时就够了。
Thirty kilometres is a good distance.30公里是一个相当远的距离。
注意：假如语言人侧重一个个的一局部，谓语动词用复数情势。
Twenty years have passed since we parted.自从我们分散今后20年己颠末去了。
（6）“a number of十复数可数名词”与“the number of十复数可数名词”作主语
“a number of十复数可数名词”表现 “一些、很多”的意思，谓语动词用复数；
“the number of十复数可数名词”表现 “……的数目、数目”，谓语动词用奇数。
The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
约请来的人数是50，但很多人因不同的缘故没来。
A number of books are missing from the library.
图书馆丢了很多书。
The number of workers in this factory is increasing.
这家工场的工人数目正在增长。
（7）none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词作主语
none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词时，偶尔作奇数对待，偶尔作复数对待，主要根听语言人的意思决定。
None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个抵达新住宅区。
None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没到。
（8）“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语
“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语，这时要以of短语中的名词对否为复数而定。
Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass．该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所掩盖。
89% of smokers are male. 89%的吸烟者是男性。
In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国，75%的谷物用来喂养生物。
Two-thirds of the earth’s surface is sea. 地球外表的2/3是大海。
Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. 2/3的人都反对核方案。
（9）表现局部看法或不定命量的名词或代词作主语
表现局部看法或不定命量的名词或代词作主语，谓语动词用奇数照旧复数，应依据后接名词的单、复数情势而定。
这些名间或代词有all，any，enough，half，more，most，the rest，part，some等。
The rest of the buildings are easy to get to. 其他的修建物并不难上。
The rest of his life was happy. 他的晚年生存很幸福。
Most of my time was spent in reading. 我大局部时间用来念书。
Most of the people are aware of it. 大局部人都晓得它。
Some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 一些糖散落在地上。
Some of the apples were spilled on the floor. 一些苹果散落在地上。
（10）两个主语，一个一定，一个否定，谓语动词与一定主语相一律。
The parents, and not the son, were missing.失散者不是儿子，而是他的双亲。
3、临近准则
临近准则是指谓语动词要与它最临近的名词或代词坚持人称与数的一律。
Neither he nor I am a student. 他和我都不是学生。
There is a pen , two chairs and a desk. 有一支钢笔，两把椅子和一张桌子。
这主要有以下几种情况。
（1）由or，either…or等毗连的并列布局作主语
由or、either…or、nor、neither…nor、not only…but also、not…but毗连的并列主语，通常依照就近一律准则，谓语动词的单、复数情势依照接近它的主语而定。
Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.要么你要么校长在聚会会议上对这些天赋的学生颁奖。
Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 他和我都没有做完实验。
Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 不是他的伙伴们错了，就是他哥哥错了。
Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.不仅我并且简和玛丽都厌恶一个接一个的测验。
Not only the teacher but also his students have studied the question. 不仅教师并且他的学生们都研讨了这个成绩。
（2）在主谓倒装句时
在主谓倒装句中，主语并列，谓语动词的人称和数与迩来的主语相一律。由here或there引导的句子，如有并列主语，谓语也与最接近的谁人主语一律。
There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌、一张饭桌和3把椅子。
There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有3把椅子、一张书桌和一台电脑。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在时妻子和孩子呆在哪儿？
“表里不一”征象：
主谓一律中的”表里不一”征象
和主语必需在人称和数上坚持一律，最基本的准则是：奇数主语用奇数动词，复数主语用复数动词.但在实践使用中间情况比力繁复，如今学生常犯的主谓一律错误总结整理如下
1,”more than one +名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用奇数.比如：
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教员取得了花.
2,”many a +名词”作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用奇数.比如：
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
3,”half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词”作主语时，谓语动词情势依据of后的名词而定.比如：
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球外表四分之三为水所掩盖.
4,all指人时，动词用复数；all指物时，动词用奇数.比如：
“All are present and all is going well.” 一切人全部到场了，统统历程顺遂
5,what引导的主语从句，谓语动词可视表语而定：表语是奇数名词时，动词用奇数，相反，则用复数.比如：
What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想取得的是多量的好书.
6,and毗连的两个奇数名词前若用each,every,no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用奇数情势.比如：
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
7,当主语后方有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except，逗号加and毗连几个名字等引导的短语时，谓语动词要与最前方的主语坚持一律.比如：
My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.
8,each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each不关.比如：
They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
9,动词不定式，动词-ing情势短语作主语时，谓语动词常用奇数.比如：
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去安步是一个好习气.
10,the following作主语时，谓语动词的数与后方名词的数坚持一律.比如：
The following are good examples底下是一些好例子.
11,以-ics开头的学科名词，如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用奇数.以-s开头的名词news,works,plastics同等属此类.比如：
Politics is now taught in all schools. 如今各学校都开设政治课.
当以-ics开头的学科名词表现”学科”以外的意义时，用作复数，如：mathematics（运算才能）politics(政治看法）economics（经济意义）等
12,有些用来表现由两个对应局部构成一体的名词复数（trousers,glasses,
shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等）作主语时，前方如有”一条”,”一副”,”一把”之类的单位词，动词用奇数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语动词用复数.比如：
The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很切合.
另有一些以-s开头的名词通常用复数：arms（兵器）.clothes.contents.minites（纪录）.remains（遗体）.thanks等
13,”one and a half +名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数.比如：
One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.
14,”One or two more +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数.比如：
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两一局部到那儿去给他们帮助.
15,”one of+复数名词+ 定语从句”布局中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在”the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”的布局中，”the one of + 复数名词+定语从句”定语从句的谓语动词要用奇数.比如：
He is one of the students who get there on time.他是定时抵达那边的学生之一.
16,表现时间，距离，财帛等的复数名词作主语表达一个全体看法时，谓语动词常用奇数，但若重申数目，谓语动词可用复数.比如：
One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.
以-s开头的名词作主语的主谓一律:
英语可数名词的端正复数情势是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s开头的名词并不是可数名词。
它们用法多样，形成了实践使用上的困难，以下详述了以-s开头的名词作主语的主谓一律成绩。
（一）以-s开头的疾病称呼作主语的主谓一律成绩
（二）以-s开头的游戏称呼作主语的主谓一律成绩
（三）以-s开头的地域称呼作主语的主谓一律成绩
（四）以-ics开头的学科称呼作主语的主谓一律成绩
（五）别的以-s开头的名词的主谓一律成绩
聚集名词的主谓一律准则:
聚集名词作主语时，主谓一律干系是一个较为繁复的成绩.对此类成绩我们可以从”数”的角度分为四类.
1)奇数—复数型.但凡有复数词尾厘革情势的聚集名词都属于此类。如：
a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army—armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等。
这类聚集名词重申的是全体性，即当作一个全体或多个全体来对待。属于这类聚集名词的奇数作主语时，谓语动词用奇数；
复数情势作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【比如】
A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.
每个上午 一大群人常常会萃在广场上
The government has decided to pass the bill.
当局已决定经过这一法案
There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.
星期天有大群大群的人在街上。
There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.
在天下上有很多讲英语的人
但应注意，这类聚集名词的奇数情势偶尔表现复数看法，以是这些聚集名词的奇数情势也可归为”单复同形型”中.
2)奇数型.这类聚集名词表现的是人或事物的全体，即把这类人或事物的全部包含在内，以是仅有奇数情势.如作主语，谓语动词常用奇数。
这类名词稀有的有：humanity,mankind,proletariat等.
【比如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress.
3)复数型.这类聚集名词在情势和内容上是互相分歧的，就是说它们仅有奇数情势，但表达的都是复数看法。它重申的是团队中的一局部性.这类名词有：police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等.它们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数.
【比如】The police have caught the murder.
Our personnel are very highly trained.
The vermin are very dangerous.
4)单复同形型.这类聚集名词的奇数情势既可表现奇数也可表现复数.作主语时，用奇数动词或复数动词均可，偶尔意义区别不大.
【比如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent.
The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park.
The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.
这类聚集名词稀有的有：class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience等.
根听语言人的心思意向若把这个聚集名词所代表的人或事物看作一个全体，就以为是奇数，用奇数动词；
若把它所代表的人或事物看作多少个一局部的话，就以为其为复数，用复数动词。
试比力：The football team is playing well.
谁人足球队打得十分标致.
The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在沐浴，然厥后这里吃茶点。
The family is a very happy one.谁人家庭是一个十分幸福的家庭。
That family are very pleased about the news of William’s success. 举家人对威廉的告捷都感受很兴奋。
巧记主谓一律准则:
单单复复最稀有，团队名词谓用单，如若重申其成员，复数谓语记心间。
有些名词谓常复，people,police即这般。主语奇数后接介，谓语奇数介不关，
many a作主语也云云，谓语动词使用单。or、nor、but also、there be，近主准则挂嘴边。
干系代词定主语，谓语依据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。
时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，rest，means，fol1owing等，意义决定其复、单。
none，all，half of等，of之宾语定答案。另有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。
代词all指人谓复数,all指事变谓用单。量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。
and毗连两名词，身兼两职一定冠，no，each，every后单名，两件(种)事(物)系一看法，
以上情下达况请记清，谓语动词全用单。形貌词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，
-s开头的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。