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Hi，Welcome to www. engvid. com, I’m Adam.
嗨，欢迎来的Engvid.com，我是亚当。
In today’s lesson we’re going to talk about the Winter Olympics.
今天这节课，我们要来聊聊冬奥会。
They’re just around the corner, and I figured it’s a good idea that you know what’s going on if you’re interested in winter sports.
冬奥会马上要开始了，我觉得让大家知道冬奥会是怎么回事是个不错的想法，如果你也对它感兴趣的话。
I’m going to tell you about the different events that you can watch, and what the different words are that they’re talking about on TV.
我会告诉你能看到的各样比赛项目，还有在电视节目中，这些活动的英语词汇名称。
Okay?
好吗？
Because this year the Olympics are in Pyeongchang, South Korea, which is the northern part of South Korea, but not North Korea.
因为，今年，冬奥会在韩国，平昌举办，是在韩国（南朝鲜）的北部，但不是北朝鲜。
It’s a little bit confusing.
有点令人困惑。
The northern part of South Korea.
南朝鲜的北部。
And all the regular events are there, so I’m going to walk you through them and make sure you know which ones you like, which ones you want to watch, adjust your calendars, your timetables because if you live in a different part of the world, you may have to watch them during the night.
所有的常规比赛项目都在白板上了，我会带大家一个一个讲过去，确保你了解自己喜欢那些比赛，想要看哪些比赛，调整下你的观赛日程，时间表，因为如果你住在其他地区，可能得在晚间观看节目。
So, we’re going to start with the events and then I’ll give you some general Olympics’ vocabulary.
好了，我们要从比赛项目开始讲起，我会给大家提及一些常用奥林匹克词汇。
Let’s start with skating.
让我们从滑冰开始。
Okay?
We’re going to. . .
我们要……
There’re different events for skating.
滑冰有不同的项目。
There’s speed skating which happens around a long track, an oval track, and people basically race each other; then there’s short track speed skating-sorry-and basically this islike a very short. . .
然后还有短道速滑——不好意思——基本上短道速滑是在很短的轨道上进行…
It’s almost like a little circle, and you have five or six guys, and they just basically have a race and they’re trying to finish first; and whoever finished first, second, etc. they go on and they have a few rounds of this. Okay?
几乎就是一个小圆形轨道，有大概5到6个选手，他们要互相竞速，努力最先到达终点。然后（滑完第一轮的）第一名第二名等等，他们会继续再滑几轮。明白吗？
They have different rounds, and the winner of each one or the top two of each race go to the next round, the next round until you have a final round, and then the winner gets gold, second place gets silver, etc. , or in bronze.
他们会滑几轮，然后每一轮的第一名或者前二名，都会进到下一轮比赛，再下一轮比赛，直到决赛，冠军会获得金牌，亚军获得银牌，等等，或者铜牌。
So, this is a very exciting event because there’re always crashes, and they go around really, really fast, and they’re like. . .
好了，这是一个非常刺激的比赛项目，因为总会有碰撞，而且选手们滑的非常非常快。
Basically almost sideways because they’re on their skates going around in a circle all the time, very exciting to watch.
他们几乎都是侧身滑的，因为踩着滑冰鞋全程沿着圆圈滑，看着令人感觉非常刺激。
Then, of course, there’s figure skating, which is one of the more. . . One of the most popular events during the Winter Olympics.
当然还有花样溜冰，可以说是冬奥会里人气最高的比赛项目之一了。
There are men’s, women’s, and pairs figure skating, and I think there’s also a dance figure skating, it’s a little bit different.
有男子组，女子组，双人花样溜冰，我感觉还有一个舞蹈花样溜冰，有点不一样。
And basically they’re on the rink, so the ice surface, or the. . . The building they’re in is the arena and the actual ice surface is called a rink.
基本上，选手们站在溜冰场（Rink）上，也就是冰面上，或者，他们所在的建筑就是比赛场地，实际的冰面被叫做Rink。
And there they do all kinds of performances，it’s very acrobatic.
他们在冰上进行各类表演，非常具有杂技表演性质。
Now, you might hear all the different names of the movements they make, like double axel and cow something, these I don’t actually know because you have to actually know something about figure skating, but you can just watch it.
好了，你可能听过选手动作的各类不同的名称，比如，两周半跳，还有cow什么的，我不是很清楚，因为你得知道一些关于花样溜冰的知识，也可以只进行观看就好。
It’s very beautiful to watch, beautiful music and they wear their costumes. Their costumes are just basically they create for themselves, they’re custom-made costumes, you can call them, and they go around, they do all these acrobatic things.
花样溜冰比赛项目看着非常美，有优美的音乐，还有选手会穿比赛服装。他们的服装基本是自己做的，就是订制的服装，可以这样说（custom-made）。然后他们来回转圈，做着杂技动作。
There’re two components to it, there’s the technical and then there’s the artistic.
这里有两个要素，技术性，和艺术性。
So they do this on two occasions, and they get a scaled score, basically up to six or five, 5.2, 5.5, etc. , and whoever has the best score, obviously gets the gold medal.
选手们会进行两次表演，并获得标准分，基本能获得最高到6分，5.2分，5.5分，等等，获得最高分数的选手，当然就是金牌得主。
And the one component is the technical where they have to do certain number of routines, certain number of movements.
而其中另一个元素就是技术性，选手要做几个固定的动作，特定的几个动作。
And the second one is artistic where they have to basically involve those movements, but also according to the music, according to the style, etc.
第二个元素是艺术性，他们必须基本涉及到一些动作，而且还要和音乐，风格结合起来。
Very popular.
很受欢迎的。
And of course they’re wearing figure skates.
还有，他们穿着花样滑冰鞋。
That’s the only real equipment they need, except for their costumes.
这是他们唯一需要的实际装备，除了他们的服装以外。
Speed skaters, they wear a different type of skate.
速滑运动员们，穿着不同类型的滑冰鞋。
It’s a much longer blade, okay?
冰刀要更长，好吗？
So they’re basically on blade.
所以他们基本上踩在冰刀上。
They’re basically on, like, two or three milli-. . . Or three or four millimetres of metal, that’s all that’s holding them up.
他们基本上是踩在，比如，两三毫—…或三或四毫米的金属上，那就是所有的能够撑起他们的东西了。
Very sharp edges to the blades, and that’s what they go around on, etc.
冰刀的边缘非常锐利，而这正是他们来回转动等等所踩的东西。
So, figure skating.
好了，花样滑冰（就到这里）。
Skiing, that’s another common and very popular sport in the Olympics.
滑雪，这是奥运会力另一个常见、非常受欢迎的运动。
All types of different events that involve skiing.
所有涉及到滑雪的各种比赛项目。
Alpine skiing is basically coming down a mountain, and there’s a slalom, basically it’s a very long. . .
高山滑雪（又称阿尔卑斯滑雪）基本上是从山上滑下来，还有障碍滑雪，基本上这是一个很长的……
They’re on the slope of the mountain, and it’s a very long course.
他们在山坡上，有一个很长的雪道。
And they come down and whoever has the best time. . .
他们滑下来，比谁滑的时间最短……
So, there’s two ways to do it, there’s time and there’s also races for different things,
所以，比赛一般是两种方法进行的，有比时间的项目，也有其他竞赛项目。
but Alpine is usually time trial.
但高山滑雪通常是用时间来进行裁判。
Now, there’s cross-country skiing which is flat but long distance.
那么，还有越野滑雪，滑道平坦但距离很远。
It’s like a marathon for runners, except they’re doing it on skis.
很像马拉松，只是他们用滑雪板来跑。
They’re different types of skis.
是不同类型的滑雪板。
Their boot. . .
他们的靴子……
Their ski boots are not tied down on the back so they can take steps, and they have much longer poles than the race skiers.
他们的滑雪靴不是绑在后面，所以他们可以走步子，还有比竞速滑雪者更长的杆子。
Then there’s the Nordic-combined.
然后是北欧两项（又叫北欧全能）。
The Nordic-combined is both Alpine and cross-country.
北欧全能是高山滑雪和越野滑雪的结合。
So sometimes they go down hills, and then sometimes they go across flat land, then down hills, etc.
所以有时选手从山上滑下来，然后有时他们穿过平地，然后再下山，等等。
Now, there are mogul races.
好了，还有猫跳滑雪。
Moguls are basically like bumps, and they go. . .
猫跳基本上就是有凸起雪包，选手们走…
And they have to go between the bumps, over the bumps, and whoever does it the fastest is the winner.
他们必须穿梭在雪包之间，雪包之上，以及谁最快到达终点，就是赢家。
Sometimes there’s a race, sometimes it’s by time.
有时是竞技，有时候是看时间。
A biathlon.
冬季两项。
So, a biathlon is a combination of cross-country skiing, so they go for like a couple of kilometres, then they stop, and then they have rifles on their backs.
好，冬季两项是越野滑雪组合，所以选手们会前进好几公里，然后他们停下来。
They take the rifle, they aim, they shoot at a target, they put the rifle back, cross-country skiing some more, another rifle shot, another range, and targets, etc.
他们背上有步枪， 他们卸下步枪，瞄准，射击目标， 他们把步枪装回背后，继续进行越野滑雪，再做一回步枪射击，再滑雪，以及射击目标，等等。
Then there’s ski jumping.
现在，跳台滑雪。
Now, there’s two types.
有两种类型。
When they say ski jumping, basically this is the long jump.
当我们说跳台滑雪时，基本上是一个跳远。
So they’re coming down a long ramp-okay? and then they take off, and then they’re, like, flying like birds as far as they can, and they land and everything’s good.
所以他们在斜坡滑下来——好吗？——然后他们起飞，然后他们就像，他们尽可能地像鸟一样飞行，降落，一切都很好。
Then there’s freestyle ski jumps, which means it’s a very, very steep and short ramp, and they jump, and they have to, like, upside down, summersaults, and twists, and all kinds of interesting things.
然后是自由式跳台滑雪，意味着这是一个非常非常陡峭的短坡道，选手们跳起来，必须得上下颠倒，翻跟头，转动身体，做各种各样有趣的事情。
That’s the freestyle.
这就是自由式。
Then there’s also snowboarding, which basically has the same events, obviously not cross-country, it’s only down hills.
然后，还有单板滑雪，基本上有相同类型比赛项目，显然不是越野，只是下山。
And they have races and they have to qualify. So they have all kinds of qualifying rounds, and then when they have the best of the best, then they have races, and they have times, and they have to get the best time.
有竞技项目，而且要争取资格。所以有各种各样的资格赛，然后当他们选出顶尖的人选，之后进行竞技或时间的比试，他们必须冲刺最短的时间。
Now a lot of this, the qualifying is about trials.
那么，很多关于这个，资格是需要测试的。
So they have many rounds just to qualify, and then the official races begin, and then the official time counts begin.
所以他们会参与很多轮比赛只是为了获得资格，然后正式比赛开始，然后官方时间计数开始。
The equipment that they use for skiing or basically the skis, there’re two skis that they stand on, the two poles that they use.
他们用来滑雪的设备，或者，基本上就是滑雪板。他们站在两块滑雪板上，使用两根滑雪杆。
And again, cross-country and Alpine are different.
重申一遍，越野滑雪和高山滑雪是不同的。
And then they wear goggles, they wear boots, they usually wear helmets these days as well.
然后他们戴着护目镜，穿着靴子，这些天他们也经常戴头盔。
The snowboarders just wear. . .
单板滑雪者只穿……
Just use a snowboard, which is basically like just a long board, one board, both feet are on it，the board is this way and they’re facing. . . They’re horizontal or perpendicular to it, and then they go down and try to win
只使用滑雪板，基本上就像一个长板，一块板，双脚都在上面，板是这个方向，滑雪者面朝……、板子的水平或者垂直方向，然后他们滑下来，并试图赢得比赛。
So that’s the main events, now we’re going to look at a couple more.
所以这是主要的事件，现在我们要再看几个。
Okay, so now we’re going to see the other events.
好的，现在我们要看看其他事件。
Now, the thing about the Winter Olympics, there are much fewer events. . .
现在，关于冬奥会的事情就少得多了。
A lot fewer events than the Summer Olympics, but they’re very exciting events.
比夏季奥运会少得多的活动，但他们是非常令人兴奋的事件。
They’re all very exciting because there’s always something happening, there’s always some drama.
他们都非常激动人心，因为总会有事情发生，总是有的一些戏剧行。
Unfortunately there’s a lot of accidents, but they also. . . That’s part of the excitement, part of the fear of what can happen, especially when you’re talking about sledding.
不幸的是有很多事故，但他们也…这是兴奋的一部分，恐惧的一部分，尤其是当你谈论雪橇的时候。
Now, this is a very exciting sport.
现在，这是一个非常令人兴奋的运动。
You have bobsledding, luge, and skeleton.
你有雪橇，雪橇，俯式冰撬。
Super, super dangerous sport, but very interesting to watch.
超级，超级危险的运动，但非常有趣的观看。
So, a bobsled or some. . . a bobsleigh as. . . However you want to say it, both are okay.
所以，一个雪橇或一些…雪橇…不过你想说的话，两者都可以。
It basically looks like a big tube and the top. . . It’s hollow and open at the top, and four guys or two guys have to push it on the track.
它基本上看起来像一个大管和顶部…顶端是空洞的，四个人或两个人必须把它推到赛道上。
They basically go down a track, but it’s like a curved track like this, and they’re going inside.
他们基本上沿着轨道走，但是就像这样一条弯曲的轨道，他们正在进入。
And it goes all the way down the mountain and they go really fast.
它一路下山，他们走得很快。
So this tube, it looks like a canoe a little bit, and it’s on blades, long blades, and they go down the ice, and they go like up and down, and really fast around all the curves and stuff.
所以这个管子看起来像是一个独木舟，它在叶片上，长叶片上他们下了冰，他们就像上下一样，在所有曲线周围都非常快和东西。
And the two or four guys, they push it down the track, once it starts getting to move they have to jump inside, tuck in and start going down.
两个或四个人，一旦开始行动，他们就把它推下轨道，他们不得不跳进去，塞进去，开始往下走。
Very exciting.
非常令人兴奋。
And then there’s a luge, which is one person with a shorter little tube or sled, is the correct word, and they just do it by time.
然后有一个雪橇，这是一个人短的小管或雪橇，是的，正确的话，他们只是按时间排名。
So all of this is about time, whoever has the best time down the track is the winner.
所以这一切都是关于时间的，谁拥有最短的时间是赢家。
Now, skeleton, I personally think the people who do skeleton are a little bit crazy because this is basically a flat sled, it’s just a board on blades, on ice. . . Like, basically long ice skates, right?
现在，俯式冰撬，我个人认为做俯式冰撬的人有点疯狂，因为这基本上是一个扁平的雪橇，它只是一个在刀片上，在冰上的板…就像基本上长的溜冰鞋一样，对吧？
Just blades with a flat board, and they take it, and they run, they put it down, jump, and they lie down flat on their stomachs, head first, and they go down the track, and whoever has the best time.
只需要一块平板的刀片，他们就把它拿下来，然后他们把它放下来，跳起来，他们平躺在肚子上，头先走，然后走下去谁拥有最短的时间。
Super dangerous, but very exciting to watch.
超级危险，但非常令人兴奋的观看。
Okay?
好吗？
Then there’s, of course, the best event and this is the marquis event of the Olympics because. . . So we call it marquis, because this draws the most attention, this and figure skating I would say are about equal.
那当然是最好的事件，这就是奥运的闪耀事件。因为…所以我们称之为闪耀，因为这引起了最多的关注，这个和花样滑冰我会说不相上下。
Hockey is very popular in especially northern countries that have. . . that play hockey.
曲棍球在那些打曲棍球的北方国家非常受欢迎。
And they play on a rink, it’s a much bigger rink. . . If you watch NHL hockey, it’s a much bigger rink, it’s an international-size or Olympic-size rink, and the national teams play.
他们在溜冰场上打球，这是一个更大的溜冰场。如果你看NHL曲棍球，这是一个更大的溜冰场，这是一个国际大小或奥林匹克规模溜冰场，和国家队打球。
And every child in these countries, like Canada, US, Sweden, Finland, etc. , everybody grows up wanting to play on a national hockey team and win the gold for their country.
而这些国家的每个孩子，比如加拿大，美国，瑞典，芬兰等，每个人都在成长希望能在国家曲棍球队打球并为自己的国家赢得金牌。
Hockey involves a stick, a hockey stick; a puck, a little, round, rubber thing that they play around with.
曲棍球涉及一根棍子，曲棍球棒;一个冰球，一个小圆，橡胶的东西，他们使用。
You have to get goals and if at the end of the game the score is tied, then you have a shootout, just like in soccer.
你必须得到目标，如果在比赛结束时分数是平行的，那么你有一场枪战，就像足球一样。
Whoever gets the most goals on the goalies win the medal.
谁在守门员上获得最多的进球就赢得了奖牌。
Then there’s curling.
然后有冰壶。
Curling is relatively a new sport.
冰壶相对来说是一项新的运动。
It hasn’t been in the Olympics all the time.
它一直没有在奥运会上。
It’s basically played on a sheet.
这基本上是平面运动。
It’s on ice, but they’re not wearing skates; they’re just wearing shoes that they can grip the ice with.
这是在冰上，但他们不穿溜冰鞋;他们只是穿着可以抓握冰面的鞋子。
And they take a stone, it’s basically like a stone and it has a handle, and they grab the stone, they lift it, and they throw it down the sheet.
他们拿一块石头，基本上就像一块石头，它有一个手柄，他们抓住石头，他们把它抬起来，然后把它扔下去。
And there’s like a target and they have to land it in the middle of the target, and they have to knock the other team’s stone out of the target area, and they go back and forth，and they use the stone and then a broom.
而且就像一个目标，他们必须把它放在目标的中间，他们不得不把另一队的石头从目标区域击倒，然后来回走动。他们使用石头，然后使用扫帚。
So one guy throws the stone down the ice, and then two guys walk down the ice in front of the stone and broom the ice to make it smooth so the stone goes faster or slower as they need it.
所以有一个人把石头扔在冰上，然后两个人走下前面的冰的石头和扫帚冰，使其光滑，使石头走得更快或更慢因为他们需要它。
It looks like fun to play.
玩起来似乎很有趣。
It’s not that much fun to watch, but again, people love it, that’s why it’s become a sport.
看起来并不是那么有趣，但人们也喜欢它，这就是为什么它变成一项运动。
So, now, a few things you need to know in terms of the Olympics, and this applies to Summer and Winter Olympics.
所以，现在，就奥运而言，你需要知道的一些事情，这适用于夏季和冬季奥运。
The people who compete are mostly amateur athletes.
参赛的人大多是业余运动员。
Now, some sports like hockey was full of professional hockey players, this year it will not be.
现在，一些像曲棍球这样的运动项目全是专业的曲棍球运动员，今年不会。
The NHL, where most of the hockey players play, did not allow them to come to Korea to play, so there will be amateur hockey players, and it’s all about sportsmanship.
绝大多数曲棍球运动员所在的NHL不允许他们来韩国所以会有业余曲棍球运动员，这都是关于体育精神的。
Now, this is a very important word: ” sportsmanship” .
现在，这是一个非常重要的词：”体育精神”。
This is about competing, but remaining friendly and gentlemanly.
这是关于竞争，但仍然友好和绅士。
If the other team is hurting, you don’t hurt them more.
如果其他队伍受伤，你不要再伤害他们。
You beat them, but you don’t embarrass them, you don’t hurt them more than by beating them.
你打败了他们，但是你不要让他们难堪，你应该和他们竞争而不是打击。
It’s about showing respect to each other.
这是关于彼此尊重。
The winners stand on the podium, and the podium often looks like this.
获奖者站在领奖台上，领奖台通常是这样的。
You got your gold, silver, bronze medalists.
你有你的金牌，银牌，铜牌得主。
Sometimes it could be like this, whatever, whoever’s the highest has the gold.
有时候可能会是这样，不管怎样，谁是最高的就有金牌。
When they present the medals to the winners, they will always play the national and them of the gold medal winner.
当他们向获奖者颁发奖牌时，他们将一直播放金牌得主的国歌。
Okay?
好吗？
Whoever won the gold, that person’s country’s anthem is played.
谁赢得了这个金牌，那个国家的国歌就是在播放。
And at the beginning, just like in the Summer Olympics, somebody comes in running with a torch, a big stick that has a little flame, and they come and they light the Olympic flame, and the games begin.
而在开始的时候，就像在夏季奥运会上，有人跑来跑步火炬，有一点点火焰的大棒，他们来了，点燃了奥运圣火，奥运开始。
Opening ceremony, closing ceremony, etc.
开幕式，闭幕式等。
Now, you might not be very interested in the Winter Olympics; Summer Olympics are still more popular, but if you live in an English-speaking country or if you live in a country, a northern country where these sporting events are very popular, you may need to discuss or have a conversation with people about the Olympics.
现在，你可能对冬奥会不感兴趣，夏季奥运仍然是更受欢迎，但如果你住在说英语的国家或者你住在一个国家，一个北方这些体育赛事非常受欢迎的国家，你可能需要讨论或有一个与人们谈奥运的话题。
For example, if you’re in Canada, people will talk about the Olympics.
例如，如果你在加拿大，人们会谈论奥运。
They will especially talk about the hockey team.
他们会特别谈论曲棍球队。
If they have a good Canadian figure skater, they will talk about him or her.
如果他们有一位优秀的加拿大花式滑冰运动员，他们会谈论他或她。
So it’s very important that you know what’s going on in the Olympics if you’re living in these countries, and it’s a good way to start talking to people, make new friends.
所以，如果你活着的话，你知道奥运会上发生的事情是非常重要的，在这些国家，这是一个开始与人交谈，结交新朋友的好方法。
If you go to a bar in Canada, for example, during a hockey game, when there’s a hockey game playing, everybody will be there, the bars will be full, people will be talking and having a good time, and talking about the Olympics and hockey.
例如，如果你去加拿大的一家酒吧，在曲棍球比赛期间，当有曲棍球的时候玩游戏，大家会在那里，酒吧会满，人们会说话享受美好时光，谈论奥运和曲棍球。
You should really watch.
你们真的应该看。
In fact, I’ll. . .
其实我会…
One day I’ll make a video lesson about hockey, I’ll teach you guys how the game works, why it’s so exciting, why it’s the best sport in the world.
有一天，我会做一个关于曲棍球的视频课，我会教你们这个游戏如何工作，为什么这是如此令人兴奋，为什么这是世界上最好的运动。
So, in the meantime you can go to www. engvid. com.
所以，在此期间你可以去www.engvid.com。
If you have any questions about the Olympics, you can ask me there in the comments section.
如果您对奥运有任何疑问，可以在评论部分问我。
There’s also going to be a quiz that you can try to understand your. . . make sure you understand the vocabulary here, and all the points.
也会有一个测验，你可以尝试你理解了…确保你明白这里的词汇和所有的要点。
And if you like the video, please subscribe to my YouTube channel, and come back for more good lessons to help you guys with your English.
如果你喜欢这个视频，请订阅我的YouTube频道，然后再回来学习更好的课程以帮助你提升你的英语。
I’ll see you then.
下次再见。
Bye.
再见。
